Scholars like Robert Rotberg categorize states based on their performance in providing security and other "political goods":
Characterized by enduring internal violence and a government that has lost legitimacy and physical control over its territory. When States Fail: Causes and Consequences
Fulfill some expectations but perform poorly in others; they often suffer from corruption and deteriorating infrastructure. Scholars like Robert Rotberg categorize states based on
Perform well across all categories, ensuring security, law, and basic infrastructure. provide essential political goods
State failure occurs when a nation-state loses its ability to effectively govern its territory, provide essential political goods, and maintain a monopoly on the legitimate use of force . This guide breaks down the core concepts, drivers, and global impacts associated with this phenomenon. 1. Defining the Spectrum of State Strength