The Merchant Republics: Amsterdam, Antwerp, And... May 2026

: It pioneered liberal capitalism through the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the world's first formal stock exchange.

Once the premier market of the 1500s, Antwerp’s fate was dramatically rewired by the Siege of 1585. The Merchant Republics: Amsterdam, Antwerp, and...

: Experience this history firsthand with the Power and Politics Audio Tour which visits the original VOC headquarters. 2. Antwerp: The Resilient Giant : It pioneered liberal capitalism through the Dutch

Following the Dutch Revolt, Amsterdam emerged as the world’s "global switching station". The Merchant Republics: Amsterdam, Antwerp, and...