Porcelain -

Often reinforced with alumina or ball clay for extreme durability in commercial use.

Acts as a "flux," melting during firing to create a glassy matrix that bonds the other ingredients together, making the final piece non-porous (vitrified). Porcelain

Generally contains 25% kaolin, 45% quartz, and 30% feldspar, firing at lower temperatures. Often reinforced with alumina or ball clay for

The specific "recipe" or content for porcelain determines its final properties like whiteness, strength, and translucency. and 30% feldspar

Typically 50% kaolin, 25% quartz, and 25% feldspar.

Acts as a framework for the fired material, increasing mechanical strength and resistance to thermal shock.