Download Hallux Valgus Pdf May 2026

Hallux Valgus: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Hallux valgus, often referred to as a bunion, is a prevalent forefoot deformity, affecting 23% to 35% of the population, with a higher incidence in women. The pathology involves a lateral deviation of the hallux and medial deviation of the first metatarsal, leading to a prominent bursa on the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. While pain is the primary driver for seeking care, many patients also report cosmetic concerns and difficulty with footwear. 2. Etiology and Pathogenesis

Female sex, age, family history, flat feet (pes planus), and chronic wearing of narrow-toed, high-heeled shoes. Download Hallux valgus pdf

The deformity starts with a medial deviation of the first metatarsal head, followed by valgus deformity of the proximal phalanx, and a lateral shift of the sesamoids.

Patients typically present with pain over the medial bony prominence (bunion), worsened by footwear pressure, and sometimes associated with bursitis. Radiographic Metrics (Weight-bearing): Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA): Normal 40∘is greater than 40 raised to the composed with power Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA): Normal <9∘is less than 9 raised to the composed with power (between 1st and 2nd metatarsal shafts). Patients typically present with pain over the medial

Measured using the longitudinal axes of the first metatarsal and proximal phalanx. 4. Management Strategies

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on visual assessment of the deformity and patient symptoms, followed by radiographic verification. Diagnosis and Clinical Assessment

Metatarsus adductus, Achilles tendon tightness, and hammertoe are frequently observed alongside HV. 3. Diagnosis and Clinical Assessment